VitalRail/Rail Regulatory Excellence IntelliConference

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Background Statement

Regulations are typically developed in response to specific events and experiences. Over time, regulations can become detached from their original purpose, creating unintended systemic consequences and stakeholder frustration. Efforts to improve regulations are often complicated by industries and companies advocating solely for their self-interests. Achieving urgent safety, productivity, financial, and environmental goals requires a comprehensive set of recommendations, objectively informed by all perspectives.

Core question

What are the regulations that stakeholders can agree on are either outdated, trivial, redundant, or counterproductive, and can be improved or replaced in support of sustainable growth, railway safety, and improved service?

Round One: Completing the Framework

1. In addition to the following, what other areas do regulations apply to owning and operating railroads?
   1. Financial reporting
   2. Service reporting
   3. Licenses and permits
   4. Employee Management
   5. Train Operations
   6. Maintenance of right-of-way
   7. Taxes
   8. Insurance and liability
   9. Locomotive emissions
   10. Rolling stock design/equipment requirements
   11. Inspection, track, and rolling stock
   12. Equipment supplier country of origin
   13. Cybersecurity
   14. National security/DoD functions
   15. Common carrier responsibilities(e.g., must haul high-risk, high-liability hazmat commodities)
   16. Interchange rules (e.g., receiving railroads are responsible for safe railcar conditions)
   17. Environmental impact
2. In each regulatory area, what regulations:
   1. Are counterproductive?
   2. Are redundant, and is another regulation or procedure handling the issue?
   3. Should be eliminated because the issue they target is inconsequential?
   4. Should be improved in some way?
      1. How?
   5. Have a positive impact that is outweighed by the costs?
   6. Impact customers’ shipping mode decisions in a way that is counterproductive to the overall policy goal?
3. What activities or relationships need new regulations to be optimally realized? Examples:
   1. Railcar defect detection
   2. Trackage defect detection
   3. Train control safety technology (e.g., electronically controlled braking, positive train control II)
   4. Directed service
   5. Degree of inter- and intra-modal competition
   6. Reciprocal switching

Round Two: Identifying Impacted Parties and Establishing Measures

1. For each of the regulations identified in Round One: Who are the impacted parties?
   1. What data measures have been used to spotlight the need for that regulation?
   2. What data have been used to quantify the benefits of each regulation for each impacted party?
   3. How is the cost of implementing a regulation allocated and funded relative to each impacted party?

Round Three: Developing Regulations that Fit

1. How do we need to think about regulations to fit various characteristics of rail operations best?
   1. Which regulations governing larger railroads require adjustment for smaller railroads?
   2. Which regulations should be further distinguished for line haul routes of varying characteristics? Examples:
      1. Federal Railroad Administration track classification levels
      2. Lines that host passenger trains
      3. Lines that host hazardous commodities
      4. Traffic levels by tonnage or train frequency
      5. Service quality metrics (train velocity, re-crew rates, estimated time of arrival failures)
   3. Which regulations should be further distinguished for different terminals and railyards? Examples:
      1. Degree of automated operations
      2. Degree of automated inspection capability
      3. Provision of yard air
      4. Local service quality metrics (switching volume, terminal dwell, first-mile/last-mile failure rate)
2. What regulations should be further distinguished by the commodity hauled or railcar type?
   1. Hazmat and placarding
   2. Classification by gross weight per car
   3. Excess railcar length and/or height
   4. Dimensional loads
   5. Community emergency response notification
   6. Train consist-oriented characteristics:
      1. Train length and weight
      2. Railcar placement in consist
      3. Locomotive placement in consist
      4. Container/trailer placement per railcar
      5. Buffer car requirements
3. What performance metrics should be established for each regulatory objective?

Round Four: Prioritization and Process

1. What regulatory issues are most urgent to address?
   1. Should the regulatory landscape and policy favor one mode over another?
      1. Why?
   2. What process should be established for reviewing and/or sunsetting rules and regulations at intervals or upon a change in circumstances?
   3. How frequently should a regulation undergo review to understand changes in benefits and costs?
   4. What monitoring or reporting improvements can be identified?
2. How should hard and soft costs of regulations be calculated and recognized?
   1. Who are the impacted parties?
   2. What data measures have been used to illuminate the need for that regulation?
   3. How is the cost of implementing a regulation apportioned and funded relative to each stakeholder group?
3. What factors should be weighed in regulatory execution decisions and implementation timing?
   1. Technology maturity
   2. Pragmatic deployment timing
   3. Costs and benefits to the impacted parties
   4. Effectiveness of the regulation toward achieving the objective
4. What types of changes should be made to rulemaking and regulatory processes?
   1. Does the regulation account for all impacted parties?
   2. Does the regulation shift the modal balance in a way that negates the overall benefit?
   3. Examples for evaluation:
      1. Hours of service limitations to promote safe operation
      2. Total GHG/particulate/NOx emissions per shipment unit
      3. Toxic material emissions per accident
      4. Equipment inspection intervals
      5. Total GHG/particulate/NOx emissions per shipment unit
      6. Toxic material emissions per accident
      7. Equipment inspection intervals
5. How can the need for rules and regulations be mitigated with trust and cooperation?
   1. What transformation in principles and culture among impacted parties can lead to the presence of trust as expected and delivered?
   2. What transparent and comparable Key Performance Measures empower trust and cooperation, and how are they collected, registered, and interpreted?